I'm using FastLED library, Arduino Nano and 5 addressable LEDs (WS2812B). I'd like to create the sequence in the image attached. (all in white color for example)
I know how to turn ON each LED every 0.2 sec and I know how to fade. I don't know how to make sure each LED goes from 0% brightness to 100% in 0.4 sec + start fading in the next LED after 0.2 sec.
Can anyone help me figure it out? 
Nice username.
What have you tried up to this point? Please post your code.
Is this homework? I'm curious where you got that graphic.
Thanks! Yours as well 
It's Homework.
void loop() {
uint32_t cur_ms = millis();
if (cur_ms - fade_ms > 200) {
fade_ms = cur_ms;
brightness += 5;
leds[0] = CHSV(255, 0, brightness);
}
FastLED.show();
// delay(10);
I'm trying to use if (cur_ms - x_ms > Y_MS) twice; one for incrementing the brightness and one for increasing the index to the next LED.
I also need a struct/array to create different brightness value for each LED
each LED behaves the same way if I understand correctly and could be depicted this way.
each LED has it's own ∆T0 and a current brightness. its position in the strip could match the position in an array of struct
struct {
uint32_t deltaT0;
uint8_t brightness;
} myLeds[] {
{0, 0}, {200, 0}, {400, 0}, {600, 0}, {800, 0},
};
it would not be to difficult to iterate over the myLeds array in the loop (once you get the START command to define T0) and compare for each LED at which state you should be and set it accordingly.
Thanks, sounds right.
I'd appreciate if you could supply a snippet for loop().
Try it on your own first.
It's all the advise you should need to make an attempt.
nice try
not if it's school work! propose something
Hint: I'd recommend to use the HSV() model to drive the LED color. it will make your life easier.
Things are getting very messy...
I don't know how to compare the delta for each LED (if that's what I should do at all) and how to start each LED work at the right time.
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <FastLED.h>
#define LED_PIN (4)
#define LED_COUNT (5)
#define LED_BRIGHTNESS (20)
#define FADE_MS (2000)
#define STEP_MS (1000)
CRGB leds[LED_COUNT];
struct {
CRGB color;
uint8_t index;
uint32_t step_ms;
uint32_t fade_ms;
} effect;
struct {
uint32_t delta_t;
uint8_t brightness;
} pixel[] {{0, 0}, {200, 0}, {400, 0}, {600, 0}, {800, 0}};
uint8_t brightness = 0;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
pinMode(ERROR_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
FastLED.addLeds<WS2812B, LED_PIN, GRB>(leds, LED_COUNT);
FastLED.setBrightness(LED_BRIGHTNESS);
}
void loop()
{
uint32_t cur_ms = millis();
// if (cur_ms - effect.fade_ms > FADE_MS) {
// effect.fade_ms = cur_ms;
// Serial.println("fade");
// brightness += 5;
// effect.color = CRGB::White;
// fill_solid(leds, LED_COUNT, CRGB::Black);
// leds[effect.index] = CHSV(255, 0, brightness);
// if (brightness >= 240) brightness = 250;
// }
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++) {
if (cur_ms - effect.step_ms > pixel[i].delta_t) {
effect.step_ms = cur_ms;
Serial.println(pixel[i].delta_t);
}
}
// if (effect.index++ >= LED_COUNT)
// effect.index = LED_COUNT;
// FastLED.show();
// delay(10);
}
hum... some ideas but not there yet. Actually there is no need for the structure as the LED array will remember the brightness. So we only need to store ∆T0
here is something to work on (typed here, untested, not even sure it's right and I may have inserted intentional bugs)
#include <FastLED.h>
const byte ledPin = 4;
const byte ledCount = 5;
const byte globalLedBrightness = 32;
const byte hue = 255, saturation = 255;
const unsigned long fadeDuration = 400;
const uint32_t pixelsDeltaT0[ledCount] = {0, 200, 400, 600, 800};
const unsigned long T0 = 3000; // start time
CRGB leds[ledCount];
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
FastLED.addLeds<WS2812B, ledPin, GRB>(leds, ledCount);
FastLED.setBrightness(globalLedBrightness);
}
void loop()
{
uint32_t now = millis();
if (now < T0) return; // wait until it's time to start
uint32_t T = now - T0; // relative time to start time
for (byte ledIndex = 0; ledIndex < ledCount-1; ledIndex++) {
if (T >= pixelsDeltaT0[ledIndex] + fadeDuration) {
// SO WHAT'S THAT STATE ? leds[ledIndex] = ...; (use CHSV())
} else if (T >= pixelsDeltaT0[ledIndex]) {
// SO WHAT'S THAT STATE ? leds[ledIndex] = ... ; (use map and CHSV())
}
} // end for
FastLED.show();
}
The human eye has a 10log curve. I think the ramp up should not be linear. I would make a function that calculates the intensity for that moment and then call that function with different timing offsets for the different leds.
@avr_dude, this is a simple question that needs serious thinking and programming skills to put in code. There is no single best solution, there are a few good solutions. I suggest to start with one led.
This code seems to work fine, but the LEDs' brightness doesn't change as smooth as I wish it would.
When each one reaches almost maximum brightness it seems glitching/jumping (not a natural fade).
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <FastLED.h>
#ifdef __AVR__
#include <avr/power.h>
#endif
#define LED_PIN (4)
#define LED_COUNT (5)
#define LED_BRIGHTNESS (20)
#define FADE_MS (400)
CRGB leds[LED_COUNT];
uint16_t pixel_delta[LED_COUNT] = {0, 200, 400, 600, 800};
uint16_t pixel_brightness[LED_COUNT];
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
FastLED.addLeds<WS2812B, LED_PIN, GRB>(leds, LED_COUNT);
FastLED.setBrightness(LED_BRIGHTNESS);
}
void loop()
{
uint32_t cur_ms = millis();
for (uint8_t index = 0; index < LED_COUNT; index++) {
if (cur_ms >= pixel_delta[index] + FADE_MS) {
leds[index] = CHSV(255, 0, 255);
} else if (cur_ms >= pixel_delta[index]) {
leds[index] = CHSV(255, 0, pixel_brightness[index]);
Serial.println(pixel_brightness[index]);
if (++pixel_brightness[index] >= 255) pixel_brightness[index] = 255;
}
}
FastLED.show();
}
The Serial prints show the problem:
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I suggested to use map()
You want the brightness to increase based on the moment of the 400ms
@Koepel yes if you deal with RGB - but if you use CHSV this is handled for you. (Assuming they implemented this right)
This is an example of "gamma fade" (if you will).
That's all it does, it may perhaps prove useful in some way --
// millisgammafade01
// It Works! 2019.11.06
//
//
extern const uint8_t gamma[];
byte led; // the PWM pin the LED is attached to
int brightness; // how bright the LED is
int corrected; // gamma comp'd pick from PROGMEM table
unsigned long markTime;
unsigned long runningTime;
const unsigned long limit = 5UL; // "speed"
bool change_it;
bool alternate;
void setup()
{
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
alternate = false;
for (brightness = 31; brightness < 248; brightness ++)
{
makeithappen();
}
for (brightness = 248; brightness > 31; brightness --)
{
makeithappen();
}
alternate = true;
for (brightness = 31; brightness < 248; brightness ++)
{
makeithappen();
}
for (brightness = 248; brightness > 31; brightness --)
{
makeithappen();
}
}
void makeithappen ()
{
if(alternate == false)
{
led = 3;
}
else
{
led = 5;
}
change_it = false;
markTime = millis();
runningTime = millis();
while((millis() - markTime) < limit)
{
if (change_it == false)
{
corrected = pgm_read_byte(&gamma[brightness]);
analogWrite(led, corrected);
change_it = true;
}
runningTime = millis();
}
}
const uint8_t PROGMEM gamma[] = {
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5,
5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 10,
10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 16,
17, 17, 18, 18, 19, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 23, 24, 24, 25,
25, 26, 27, 27, 28, 29, 29, 30, 31, 32, 32, 33, 34, 35, 35, 36,
37, 38, 39, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 50,
51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68,
69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89,
90, 92, 93, 95, 96, 98, 99,101,102,104,105,107,109,110,112,114,
115,117,119,120,122,124,126,127,129,131,133,135,137,138,140,142,
144,146,148,150,152,154,156,158,160,162,164,167,169,171,173,175,
177,180,182,184,186,189,191,193,196,198,200,203,205,208,210,213,
215,218,220,223,225,228,231,233,236,239,241,244,247,249,252,255};
I don't think I'm using it right.
leds[index] = CHSV(255, 0, map(pixel_brightness[index], 0, 255,0,400));
Although it looks better now, it doesn't seem right.
the syntax for map() is as follows:
map(value, fromLow, fromHigh, toLow, toHigh)
But if now the value of pixel_brightness[index] can reach 400 it overflows.
I mean, "brightness" inside CHSV() should get a value between 0-255 and now I give it values between 0-400. How is it possible?
I would use something like (based on my original code variables)
map(T-pixelsDeltaT0[ledIndex], 0, fadeDuration, 0, 255))
that is you get the relative time by doing T-pixelsDeltaT0[ledIndex]. You know it varies between 0 and fadeDuration (400ms) and you map that between "no brightness" (0) to full brightness (255).
as you might not hit exactly the 400ms mark, your LED would not be at full brightness and thius that's why we keep the other if test to set it to full bright.
I get what you say, but the pixelDeltaT0[] array has fixed number I shouldn't change/map.
That's why I created a brightness array pixel_brightness[] to hold, change, and map the value for each LED.
Can't figure out if I putted map in the right place and used it the right way or not.
Here's my code:
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <FastLED.h>
#ifdef __AVR__
#include <avr/power.h>
#endif
#define LED_PIN (4)
#define LED_COUNT (5)
#define LED_BRIGHTNESS (20)
#define FADE_MS (400)
CRGB leds[LED_COUNT];
uint16_t pixel_delta[LED_COUNT] = {0, 200, 400, 600, 800};
uint16_t pixel_brightness[LED_COUNT];
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
FastLED.addLeds<WS2812B, LED_PIN, GRB>(leds, LED_COUNT);
FastLED.setBrightness(LED_BRIGHTNESS);
}
void loop()
{
uint32_t cur_ms = millis();
for (uint8_t index = 0; index < LED_COUNT; index++) {
if (cur_ms >= pixel_delta[index] + FADE_MS) {
leds[index] = CHSV(255, 0, 255);
} else if (cur_ms >= pixel_delta[index]) {
leds[index] = CHSV(255, 0, map(pixel_brightness[index], 0, 255,0,400));
if (++pixel_brightness[index] >= 255) pixel_brightness[index] = 255;
}
}
FastLED.show();
}
you don't need that array, you just calculate the brightness at a given point in time for that LED. map will let you do that, providing a ramp between 0 (black) and 255 (full brightness) as that LED is in the RAMP stage for the 400ms (which you ensure first with the if () test)
that is: you calculate a time value that is within [0, 400] and you map that to [0, 255] to get the brightness
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