How to protect the computer itself

I see a project in your future...

http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/data_sheets/ADuM4160.pdf

Maybe you can sample the part. Or find someone who has already implemented it into a product. Hmm, looks like someone has:

http://www.ebay.com/itm/USB-protection-ADUM4160-Evaluation-Board-USB-Isolator-/230842787049

Important caveats:

NOTE:

Since the chip supports isolation rate of Low Speed and USB Full Speed, can not be used as a USB2.0 high-speed, so please pay attention to use the requirements of buyers.

Equipment has been tested:

U disk, digital cameras and other high-capacity storage devices.
STM32, ARM debug using J-LINK.
AVR debugging USBasp.
PIC debugging using ICD2
Infineon debugging of miniwiggler.
Ti DSP debugging using XDS100 and so on.