How to read data with multiple SPI slaves

Then pylon is correct. The SD card is SPI Mode0, and yout RTD is Mode1. You must switch modes when accessing each device.

  // before enabling the RTC slave select when accessing the RTC
  SPI.setDataMode(SPI_MODE1); 

  // before calling any SD function
  SPI.setDataMode(SPI_MODE0);

edit: The way I do it is change the mode before accessing the Mode 1 device, then change the mode back to Mode 0.

  SPI.setDataMode(SPI_MODE1); 
  // do your RTC stuff here, then set the mode back to 0
  SPI.setDataMode(SPI_MODE0);