How to select the correct arduino board for the stem project

Does Wireless capabilities mean wifi, Bluetooth, IR, any other type of radio? If wifi or BT an ESP32 or suitable arduino MKR would be interesting.

For the steppers you’ll likely use stepper drivers, so not specifically a constraint on the arduino itself.

For GPS and not loose debugging capabilities, it would probably be good to have a second hardware serial port. (Esp32, arduino mega, * Arduino Zero, MKRZero or MKR1000 Board and similar for SAMD based boards)

GPS can give an indication of speed over ground and if you have wheels you can instrument those as well.

LCD is easy, just get an I2C based one to minimize number of wires needed (character based 1602 or 2004 are frequent and cheap)

Power needs will need to be carefully studied .