How to use a transistor with arduino

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//                                              //
//             Producer : RMFMellink            //
//       e-mail : XXX          //
//                                              //
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/////////////////START UP CODE////////////////////
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int latchPin = 8; //Latch pin declare
int clockPin = 12; //Clock pin declare
int dataPin = 11; //Data pin declare
int rpmpulseinput = 1; //RPM input declare
int pulsesdetected = 0; //RPM counted
int lastpulsestatedetected = 0;//RPM last pulse state detected

void setup() {
  //start com with (serial)
  Serial.begin(96000);
  Serial.println("Arduino Connected to M1330 via USB");
  //Connect to shift register IC
  pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(rpmpulseinput, INPUT);      
  // sets the digital pin as input
  digitalWrite(rpmpulseinput, HIGH);  
  // turns on the internal pull up
  //Output test of IC  
}

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///////////////FUNCTION DECLARATION///////////////
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int LEDon(int LEDnumber){
  //Turns on LED number X with 0ms delay
  Serial.print("LED ");
  Serial.print(LEDnumber, DEC);
  Serial.print(" has been called.");
  //Prints LED 10 has been called.
  digitalWrite(latchPin, LOW);
  //Set latch pin to LOW
  shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, MSBFIRST, LEDnumber);
  //Send data to IC
  digitalWrite(latchPin, HIGH);
  //Set latch pin to HIGH to set changes in IC
}


int LEDtest(int numberofLEDtolight,int delaytime){
  //Lights all LED's up with numberofLEDtolight with delay of delaytime in ms
  for(int LED1=1;LED1=numberofLEDtolight;LED1++){
    //Turns on 1 LED with delaytime ms delay
    LEDon(LED1);
    //Turns on loop number LED
    delay(delaytime);
    //Delays the next LED coming on
  }
}

int pulseread(){
  if(digitalRead(rpmpulseinput)==LOW){
    //If the input has a pulse on it
    if(digitalRead(lastpulsestatedetected=0)){
      //If the output has changed then add one to the number of pulses detected
      pulsesdetected=pulsesdetected+1;      
    }
  }
}

int pulseoutput(){
  Serial.println(pulsesdetected);
  //Print the number of detected pulses
  delay(1000);
  //Delay 1 second
  pulsesdetected = 0;
  //Clears pulses detected
}

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///////////////////MAIN CODE//////////////////////
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void loop()
{
  pulseread();
  pulseoutput();
  //Do more stuff here all functions
}


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////////////////////END OF CODE///////////////////
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