How to wire a Quadrature Encoder via Analog?

I am using a Quadrature Encoder that uses 5 Volts. I want to read the data via analog. Is there anything special I need to do other than Power to 5V, ground to ground, and the inputs into the analog pins?

Basically it's not working, so I'm wondering if my hardware is set up wrong...

There are different output types for encoders. Some are TTL and some are open-collector. Would help us help you if we didn't have to guess at what code you are trying and a datasheet for the encoder (with model number of encoder you have).

and the inputs into the analog pins?

It is normal to use the digital pins. Are you treating the analogue pins as digital ones?
Treat them as digital inputs and enable the pull up resistor.

Sorry about that. Here's the datasheet: http://www.superdroidrobots.com/images/encoder-datasheet.jpg

Also, I've tried it on the digital pins, but I can only sample data at about 60 Hz. I'm communicating via serial port with MATLAB. I need to sample at 200 Hz, which I think the Analog lets me do. I'm at least getting a bunch of noise at 200 Hz, so I would hope that I could get real data also.

The 60 Hz sample rate is certainly not due to a limitation of the digital pins. Post your code (using code tags "#")and someone will spot the real problem.

Sorry, I'm not sure how I got that confused. I got 60 Hz on a different board. Not Arduino.

Right now, I can't get anything but gibberish. Very very fast gibberish though. Faster than what I need.