The output from a function should be stored in an appropriately typed variable. The output from digitalRead is an integer in the range 0 to 1023. Since the largest value that can be stored in a byte is 255, byte is not the appropriate type of array to store the output from analogRead in.
The data stored in EEPROM is stored in bytes. Integers are two bytes long. In order to store in int in EEPROM, the most significant byte is extracted, then the last significant byte is extracted. Then, the two bytes are stored in EEPROM.
byte msb = intVal / 256;
byte lsb = intVal % 256;
Upon being read back out, the int can be recreated:
intVal = msb * 256 + lsb;