knut_ny:
That sensor doesn't exist...
Using light/radar: clock must be THz.
Using sound: to many uncertain parameters. (temp/humidity/air pressure)
With sound, yes, you stand no chance.
But with light using phase modulation you can do it. Example:
You can find better (I've seen 0.01 mm ; can't find the link), but I believe the poster miss-typed the 0.1 mm resolution considering their prices 