With IDE 1.5.6-r2, when I use the option File/Upload Using Programmer, the IDE says "Board at COM5 is not available" I'm Using a ISPasb that can't use any com port.
With IDE 1.0.5-r2 I can use this option, using the same USBasp, without any problem, on an Arduino UNO, Micro and Nano. With a Mega 2560, the upload with prgrammer finishes ok, but the sketch don't run on the Mega.
There used to be a problem (sounds like it is still there)
where the IDE wants to locate a serial port before starting an upload.
This is done even if the programmer doesn't use a serial port.
As you have found out, an easy work around for this is to give the IDE a serial port
to find even if it is not used.
This has been bugged several times and there was even an update
to fix it.
Here are some bug reports:
Looks like the fixes were put in around the June/july time frame which would mean
you ened 1.5.7 or later to get them.
JLLL, You may want to try a newer IDE to see if is fixed.
I can't test it myself since I have a serial port built on my mother board
and the IDE finds that port even when I use USBasp for programming.