I have the same problem.
Do open a Arduino project for example "HalloWorld.ino" with the Windows-Explorer, then right mousekey on the Arduino-Project, then "open" und choose Arduino 2.0. After that my problem was solved and Arduino starts normally again.
Since everything is working for you now, it will not be possible for us to investigate the problem. If you encounter it again, please let us know and we'll see if we can track down the cause of the failure to start.
I can make a vague guess at what the problem was: when you start the Arduino IDE application directly (as opposed to starting it via file extension as you did in your fix), it opens the sketches you had open the last time you used the IDE. My guess is that there was some problem when the IDE tried to open one of those sketches (e.g., maybe the sketch was on a flash drive you had later removed from your computer), and this failure to open the sketch caused the IDE to fail to start up. When you started the IDE by opening a sketch file, it caused it to no longer try to open that problematic previous sketch and fixed the problem.