Which board do you have selected from the Tools > Board menu? Unfortunately that output is not provided when compiling for certain boards. I'm not aware of how that would be resolved and I'm guessing if it was easy they would have done it already but it might be worth some investigation.
Arduino SAMD Boards not displaying that information is also what I've experienced. The relevant parts for Arduino AVR Boards (which does display this information) is here:
compiler.size.cmd=avr-size
and here:
## Compute size
recipe.size.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.size.cmd}" -A "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf"
recipe.size.regex=^(?:\.text|\.data|\.bootloader)\s+([0-9]+).*
recipe.size.regex.data=^(?:\.data|\.bss|\.noinit)\s+([0-9]+).*
recipe.size.regex.eeprom=^(?:\.eeprom)\s+([0-9]+).*
So you can see that the avr-size tool outputs all the necessary numbers and then a regular expression is used to parse the output.
In the case of Arduino SAMD Boards:
compiler.size.cmd=arm-none-eabi-size
## Compute size
recipe.size.pattern="{compiler.path}{compiler.size.cmd}" -A "{build.path}/{build.project_name}.elf"
recipe.size.regex=\.text\s+([0-9]+).*
So the logical first point of investigation would be the SAMD boards arm-none-eabi-size tool to see what information it is capable of providing.