The names of the registers are declared in header files under where you installed the IDE.
The processor type, passed to the compiler via command line options, determines which files get included.
Look in hardware/tools/avr/lib/avr/include/avr/ under your Arduino installation folder. You will find dozens of .h files starting with 'io'. E.g. iom2560.h
Look in io.h to find the define for your chip which tells you the io????.h file for your board.
I'm using Arduino-1.0.5. It may be a little different for other versions.