I've got an analogy for the inductor. Think of your standard hoses, (pressure = volts, flow = current), connected to a box with a water wheel, or turbine in it. As you apply the water the wheel spins faster and faster. If you stop the water input, it keeps spinning and trying to keep the water flowing, slowing down as the flow continues. You could even push a point and say as it starts the chambers of the wheel fill up, so the flow when you first start flow is delayed down, and as it spins down the flow carries on. A bigger box, with a bigger wheel, takes more effort to spin up or down.
A capacitor might be a bit like a bladder or balloon, as you apply the pressure it inflates, and as it gets bigger more water is stored in it, and it gets harder to put more water in. As you start putting water in, the flow is easy and fast, as it inflates the flow going in slows down. If you stop putting water in, it will push out water under pressure, then as it gets emptied the pressure and flow coming out decreases. A small bladder cannot store very much water or much energy.
I've got to say, you are better off looking at the circuit theory.