Incremental rotary encoder with 128 PPR? For MIDI CC

128 ticks on one revolution means 360 / 128 = 2,8 degree per tick.
This is a very small angle and would require a big knob or a lot of motoric sensitivity in your hands.

Most of the 12 to 24 ppr rotary-encoders have a button which could be used to switch between a fast-mode (count up/down 4 to 10 digits per pulse and a slow-mode count up/down 1 digit per pulse. Entering could be done by a long-press or a double-press.

There is a rotary-encoder that works with a radial magnet

which is programmable how many pulses should be outputted on one rotation

It is very important to use a radial magnet. Standard magnets have their north and south-pole axial oriented

EDIT: I did a search on ebay
and found this one
https://www.ebay.de/itm/281135090460

best regards Stefan