Oops, sorry I missed the reference to the pdf file. In that case, your ckt looks ok, and the part does have an internal pullup-R, so you should be getting something out without using an external pullup.
However, your first code example is wrong, as you turn on/off for 500/300 usec, which is only 1250 hz.
You have to pulse the Led at 38-khz as indicated in the other post. As the block diagram shows, those devices have an internal bandpass filter for specific frequencies. They use that to block out background illumination.
Also, you have to be sure the driving frequency matches the part you actually have, as they range over 30 to 56 Khz parts, per the datasheet.
Also, I'm not sure about the internal resistor on the output pin. I always use external current limiting Rs with Leds.