Infrared guidance systems

Hey ya'll. So I know there are beam break and receiving lasers but are there an sensors needed to create a tracking or guidance system. Say you had a sensor(s) for triangulation, what would be used to achieve that? Does that kind of technology exist for Arduino or would I end up using something else entirely? Not necessarily a different platform but like another module I'm over looking.

This is more of a question so I might be in the wrong place but any help would be greatly appreciated!