INSTRUCTING ARDUINO TO RECALL A PREVIOUSLY GIVEN VALUE

You seem to be confusing declaring (or creating) a variable with assigning a value (or changing) to a variable. If the variable is declared (i.e. int distance=0;) at the top of the code (outside setup() or loop()), its value can be assigned anywhere in the code (i.e. distance=55).

You need to create/declare the variable first (at the top) and then assign whatever value you want later e.g. distance=Serial.Read().

This has now moved on to http://arduino.cc/forum/index.php/topic,97230.0.html

The threads could be merged if a mod is watching.

I hate it when that happens.
Thanks for the heads up.

int var;

void function()
{
    var = 42;
}

void setup(){}
void loop(){}

whats the issue? post code

i would like my function to change the meaning of the variable 'distance'

variables are just values, meanings of that value is what you hold in your head... post code