What I would like to do, whenever I get an incoming call, intercept that call and via arduino send a message which can be a push notification to an android device or something on Discord or Telegram that someone is calling.
Hello, do yourself a favour and please read How to get the best out of this forum and modify your post accordingly (including code tags and necessary documentation for your ask).
➜ No double posting please, even in different language. Cross posting is against the rules of the forum. The reason is that duplicate posts can waste the time of the people trying to help. Someone might spend 15 minutes writing a detailed answer on this thread, without knowing that someone else already did the same in the other thread.
Well I was thinking, "almost none" without some special equipment. Ring detection is relatively easy. Caller ID is some kind of tone encoding, I forget how it works (because most desk phones are gone now). Have you done any internet research on this?
The calls go through the modem, I was thinking of connecting the arduino with the modem through the telephone port which is in the modem in line 2, as seen from the image.
No.
No, Simply A is calling me, as soon as the phone rings at the same time I should receive this information or the arduino process this information that someone with the following number is calling.
If I haven't explained myself well, I'll give an example.
I can't find an English version of the manual which describes this TIM DSL modem/router.
If the signal at the outlets Tel1 and Tel2 is analogue (i.e. you can plug an old phone into it and it will work) and all you want is a notification, via the internet, that a call attempt has been made to the number assigned to Tel1/Tel2, then you could base a project on that described in post #10. However, that is not a beginner's project.
If, however, the Tel1/Tel2 outlets are intended for VOIP (SIP endpoints), the described project is not relevant. I haven't seen any Arduino projects where SIP traffic is decoded but, provided it is not encrypted, it would surely be possible.
In principle, it uses an ESP8266. Because that has a poor ADC, I used an external SPI connected ADC. If I was doing the project again, there are some things I would change. For example, the ring detection currently detects the ring frequency in the voice channel and I would change that to detect the ring voltage instead. However, as I said, this in not a beginners project. You'd have to look at the schematic and build your own bill of materials. You should also build/test in incrementally. For example, build and test the notification parts and the demodulator parts separately as mini-standalone projects and put it all together at the end.