interface an external high precision low noise delta-sigma ADC with Arduino

The data sheet says:-

Output data rate: 4.7 Hz to 4.8 kHz

So the only thing slowing you down is the software.

i have removed all the unnecessary delays from the library and those which still remains there are the requirement of the hardware in order to get working!

I don't see any of those in the code.
Sorry something has just come up, I will have a closer look later.