interface arduino with off the shelf generic consumer electronic devices

There is no cheap way. Either you have new parts with known data, or you have old parts with unknown working status and you find data for the parts and hopefully find datasheets for them and buzz out the connections on the board, and work out what you can about how itr works.
Time is money - which do you have more of? Do you have a one-off project in mind, or something repeatable? Its all about tradeoffs.