Interfacing of CO2 sensor module with Arduino ATMega328 through ttl

Are you sure your device is set up at 19200?

At the end of setup

Serial.write(initPort, sizeof(initPort));
  int hexIn = Serial.read();

Where are you sending the initPort?? Is that your device on Serial?? What are you reading back?

In the loop()

uint8_t buffer[128]; 
uint8_t ind =0; 
....

while(buffer[ind-1] != 0x80)  // <-- first Time you arrive here what do you think ind-1 is?

Rethink your code structure. The loop should not need a while

If something arrives on serial
handle it and add to buffer at index position
If what I just recieved is the end of the communication
set a '\0' at the end of the buffer
print the buffer
Reset the buffer index to zero
Else increase index and check for buffer end/ overflow
End if
End if