Issue with CAN communication between Arduino Nano and Teensy 4.1

It is not clear from your image. Do you have two 120Ohm termination resistors on your bus? Some CAN module have them on the board often with a jumper to disable it when more than two modules are used. There should be one resistor on each end.

It is a useful tool to have. Any cheap old analog oscilloscope would do it for CAN.