I am fairly new to arduino and the programming language, which I know is based off of C. I know some other languages, such as html, CSS and js, and some python, which I know are very different, but gives me a context.
Knowing that, and my ideal water temp, is there another tutorial that shows either:
a. how to connect the buzzer, alter the code, and sound an alarm when the ideal temp is reached?
b. how to connect both the LCD and buzzer, alter the code, to show the temperature on the LCD and sound an alarm when the ideal temp is reached?
FYI, Arduino sketches are C++, not C. They are quite similar but C++ has some extra features.
You may not find a tutorial specific to your exact project. In that case, you can instead look for information on each component of the project:
How to use the buzzer.
How to use the LCD.
etc.
Once you understand how to use each component individually and have verified they are working, it will be easier to combine them into the finished project. Be sure to save the simple sketches you wrote/found for each component as these may serve as helpful tests later if you need to do troubleshooting.
No. There's no way to use that LCD without soldering. Even if you purchase that I2C module, you still need to solder it to the LCD. You can buy LCDs that have the I2C module already connected, and they are barely more expensive than the LCD modules without the I2C. You can use your LCD without the I2C module, that is what the official Arduino LiquidCrystal library was written for, but the I2C is nice because it uses up less of the pins on your Arduino board.
Yes, that's what I was implying, and the above shield is an example. Note that the pin order in the code Setup is different to that for the bare module. An example is
LiquidCrystal lcd(8,9,4,5,6,7);
I don't know if they are all the same, but they seem to be. I was a bit fast and loose about soldering and, while the shield gets you out of having to do it for the LCD, you are surely going to have to do it eventually.
The LCD shield I posted previously has an extra through hole for each free pin. So you can just solder wires or connectors to those to connect your sensor and buzzer.