LCD Horizontal bargraph like one black rectangle

Actually with a bit of thought we can simplify things even more. Try this:-

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>   

LiquidCrystal lcd(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7); //initialize the library, numbers of the interface pins

  int analogInput = 1;    //analog pin A1
  float VoltageIn = 0.0;  // Used to calculate and display voltage
  int refresh = 500;       //refresh the display every half second
  int i = 0;                   //variable used for clearing our byte 'graph'
  int value = 0;             //variable to store value from analogRead


void setup()
{
  pinMode(analogInput, INPUT);  //setting analog pin mode to input
 
  lcd.begin(16, 2);             //setting up the LCD screens rows and colums
  lcd.print("Voltage=");       
}

void loop(){
  value = analogRead(analogInput);  //reading the value on A1

  VoltageIn = (value * 5.0) / 1024.0;

  lcd.setCursor(8, 0);               //printing the result to the LCD display
  lcd.print(VoltageIn);
  lcd.print(" V");
  delay(refresh);                    //refreshing the screen
 
  voltmetergraph();                  //calling my function voltmetergraph
}

void voltmetergraph()
  {
      int position = map(value, 0, 1023, 0, 15);
      lcd.setCursor(0,1);        // move the cursor to the start of the second line
      lcd.print("               ");  // clear the second line by writing 15 spaces
      lcd.setCursor(position, 1);  // Move to the correct position on the line
      lcd.write(255);                 // print a block
  }

This works because value has a range of 0 to 1023 and the map converts this to the range 0 to 15 which can be used to position the block on the line.

If you want to draw a bar rather than a single block use this code for voltmetergraph():-

void voltmetergraph()
  {
      int position = map(value, 0, 1023, 0, 15);
      lcd.setCursor(0,1);        // move the cursor to the start of the second line
      lcd.print("               ");  // clear the second line by writing 15 spaces
      for (int j = 0; j <= position; j++)
      {
           lcd.setCursor(j, 1);
           lcd.write(255);                 // print a block
      }
  }

Ian