can I store more than one number in there at a time?
Yes using eeprom.put() and eeprom.get() you can handle arrays and structures.
And also to have a loop within a loop should I use for() or while() statement?
It depends what you are tying to accomplish.
I would suggest you start a new thread with a title that fits your problem (maybe "Saving multiple values to eeprom") and post some code using the code tags found at the </> icon in the toolbar
so that your code looks like this
Please remember that the eeprom has only a limited number of write cycles and the Arduino is very fast. It is possible to make a mistake and use up the eeprom life. When learning about the eeprom is is good to run your trial code within setup(), and not in loop(), so it runs only once. Of course your code can get stuck in an endless loop in setup(), and while() loops will go forever if the conditional value is not updated or met..