Learning path for UI Menu design in arduino

The complexity depends on your specific needs ... AND nesting levels.

Simple 1, 2, 3 menu
More complex 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, 3c

and then if sub-levels return to main menu OR to previous (nested) menu.

Draw it on Paper ... Or put it in Excel as a start before beginning coding.

I suspect you have already investigated the obvious:
https://www.google.com/search?q=arduino+menu+system