Learning the language....

Let's rewrite the "code"

int LED_timer = 1000, // set on / off time in mS

void loop() {
int i; // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
i == 0;

instead

int Counter = 0; //initialize blink counter

// turn LED on/off - 10 times
do {
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on - this is little redundant - HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(LED_timer); // keep the LED on wait for a second is silly and does not match the code using global variable gains flexibility - you can change it in ONE place - and avoids the comment mismatch
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // turn the LED off still redundant by making the voltage LOW
delay(LED_timer); // keep the LED off wait for a second

// } while (i <= 8); actually logical error - the value of i newer changes in the do / while
or maybe just typo

} while (Counter++ != 10 ) ; // blink the LED 10 times

delay(x); / / after x pause start over

}

In short - first read what the loop () is doing - looping.
Comment you code describing what it actually does - turns the LED on / off
Match your comments with code - I know that is easier to say than done - but...
Use meaningful names ( to you ) for variables - single characters are hard to find and debug.
If the variable is used more than once - declare / define it instead of retyping it over and over.
Keeps typos away.

Before somebody gets bent out of shape again - I am deliberately NOT using code tags , the purpose of my post
is to demonstrate how to accomplish the task , not how to cut and paste.