LED grid

So I need to make an LED grid.
The input will be an constantly changing analog signal (whose voltage ranges I don't know yet). I need to rectify the signal (convert all the negative voltages to positive), then I'd like to light up a different number of LEDs based on the value of the rectified signal. If it's low voltage (but higher than zero), then I'll want 4 (or maybe 6 or 8) of some color LED to light up (say blue). At a slightly higher voltage, I'll want the 4 blue LED's to light up, but also 4 more LEDs (say green) to light as well. At a slightly higher voltage, I'll have the 4 blues, 4 greens, and 4 yellows (or whatever color) light up. I'd like to have at least 4 different stages (each stage being 4 more LEDs light up), and this needs to be voltage regulated (I don't want to blow the blues, when I have a high enough voltage to turn on the yellows).
The input voltages will be changing pretty fast, so ideally this needs to be pretty responsive.

Because this is a school project, I need to be able to build as much of this as possible with just basic components (R's, L's, C's, transistors, op-amps, diodes, etc) as opposed to just buying ICs which do everything for me.

I figure I can rectify it with something like this

at the front, I should be able to use switches with varying resistors to turn on each new set of LEDs, but how do I regulate the voltage so that I don't blow the first stage (blue) LED's when I turn on later stage (yellow) LED's?

(convert all the negative voltages to positive)

What negative voltages? Where is the analog signal coming from? What does this have to do with an Arduino? Can you post a picture or drawing of this grid?

What your describing sound like a voltage or signal meter which can easily be done on an arduino. This can also be done with some simple comparator chips, like a LM339 or LM324, both of which can be bought at RadioShack or online.

Run your rectified voltage thru 3 comparators, rectifed signal into + input, compare level into - input. Output goes when + signal is > than - signal.
Use the output to drive a transistor that sinks current from LED cathodes. Anode to +V with appropriate current limit resistor.

When you put it all together what you probably wind up with is a 60's genre "Color Organ" or what the English call "Sound to light generator/converter".

Also, you'll need a recorded copy of Jimi Hendrix "Voodoo Child" to use as the test signal..

raschemmel:
When you put it all together what you probably wind up with is a 60's genre "Color Organ" or what the English call "Sound to light generator/converter".

Nah, they have bandpass filters to select by sound frequency.

I knew I forgot something.. (probably because I grew up in the 60's...)

Footnote- I built a color organ with a 10 band octave equalizer using Walter Jung's Op Amp Active Filter Cookbook and a bunch of
LM307 op amps and it came out studio quality. (it had RadioShack pots)

raschemmel:
I knew I forgot something.. (probably because I grew up in the 60's...)

Footnote- I built a color organ with a 10 band octave equalizer using Walter Jung's Op Amp Active Filter Cookbook and a bunch of
LM307 op amps and it came out studio quality. (it had RadioShack pots)

Bandpass filters made with opamps - yay!

These days we have the MSGEQ7.

Boy that would have saved me a lot of time !