the chip ATMEGA 328 have inside it a bootload made by AMTEL (2Ko).
No. The ATmega328 normally comes without a bootloader, so that the only way it can be programmed is using SPI or "High Voltage Parallel Programming."
Versions of Arduino prior to Uno used a bootloader (atmegaboot) that was 2k in size.) The Uno bootloader is smaller and faster.
I just bought a combo parallel serial in order to use the parallel programmer.
In the old days a DOS program (for example) could individually access the bits of a parallel port, making that port useful for all sorts of "unusual" applications such as programming microcontrollers. Newer operating systems disallow direct access to the registers of the parallel port, and newer hardware is not as directly connected to the 8086 buses, making it more difficult to use the parallel port for anything other than printers. You would be more likely to have success using a USB AVR programmer (many of which are now much less expensive than they used to be.)