Have you tried connecting two stepping motors together?
Actually, there exists a class of "motors" called selsyns/synchros, that are used in a master-slave configuration, to transmit angular position over long distances:
As noted by that website, they were mainly used where physical connection of two points by shafting was impossible or impractical, such as in the fire-control system on board a ship.
Similar devices were used in tele-operation machines constructed by GE, Hughes Aircraft, and other companies back in the 1950's and 60's.