Limit power draw - transistor, mosfet, base resistor choice

I wouldn't push a bipolar too hard - heat is a problem. And the drive current required can exceed an arduino's capabilites. Darlingtons are better in drive requirements , but higher Vsat.

If you need to drive a load of several amps, devices such as the 30N06L logic level mosfet are excellent and very easy to drive. There are loads of good alternatives.

Suggestions, arduinophiles?

Allan