This card fails by returning an error status after a 512 byte data block is sent to the card during a write. The following error code is for a CRC error for the data block.
error: write MBR
SD error: 13,b
SD cards should ignore a block's CRC by default in SPI mode.
Try enabling CRC checking by editing SdFatConfig.h and setting USE_SD_CRC to 1 or 2.
/**
* To enable SD card CRC checking set USE_SD_CRC nonzero.
*
* Set USE_SD_CRC to 1 to use a smaller slower CRC-CCITT function.
*
* Set USE_SD_CRC to 2 to used a larger faster table driven CRC-CCITT function.
*/
#define USE_SD_CRC 0
Try the SdFormatter example again. If this fixes the problem, the card does not function correctly in SPI mode. The Arduino has no CRC hardware so enabling software CRC will reduce write performance.
Another possible cause is a bad MOSI SPI signal. I don't think this is the problem with your 3.3V setup.