can a Microsoft - Surface with 32GB Memory be used to program an ardunio? Is windows rt os compatable with arduino software?
If it runs Java, maybe.
If not, no.
Also, I don't know if you can have direct I/O access in RT (usb host + drivers)
I think the answer comes down to something even simpler, essentially the answer is no.
"Windows RT only runs built-in apps or apps that you download from the Windows Store."
-Windows RT 8.1: FAQ - Microsoft Support
Arduino software is not available from the windows store that I can tell, so unfortunately that pretty much means you can't even install it 
pretty sure you can't install any third party executeables at all.
Note: There is definitely a lot of hacks around it though so you could probably get it to work, but not as easily as just getting proper win8 or something similar.
I could be wrong, but yeah.