int toGoDistanceCounter = 0;
timeBegin = millis();
do
{
stepper17.runSpeedToPosition();
toGoDistanceCounter++:
}
while (toGoDistanceCounter != 3520);
timeEnd = millis();
Serial.print(timeEnd - timeBegin); //should show non-zero value
The stepper17.runSpeedToPosition(); function must be executing for 3520 times for stepper to arrive at its final postion. So, you need a counter to count how many times the function has been exected as said in #3.