Mini Gif Player with Flickering LEDs

I don't know how to add a PWM flicker function in this existing code. I tried adding the examples code in multiple spots but just get different errors depending where its at. I ran the examples code and confirmed my target PIN of 25 to work just fine Thanks for any help. Im new to this

Im using an RP2040 Feather

// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Limor Fried for Adafruit Industries
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

#include <AnimatedGIF.h>
#include <SdFat.h>
#include <Adafruit_SPIFlash.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_ST7735.h> // Hardware-specific library for ST7735
#include <Adafruit_ST7789.h> // Hardware-specific library for ST7789

#define TFT_CS         7
#define TFT_DC         8
#define TFT_RST        9

#define DISPLAY_WIDTH 240
#define DISPLAY_HEIGHT 135

#define GIFDIRNAME "/"
#define NUM_LOOPS 5

#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32)
  // ESP32 use same flash device that store code.
  // Therefore there is no need to specify the SPI and SS
  Adafruit_FlashTransport_ESP32 flashTransport;

#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040)
  // RP2040 use same flash device that store code for file system. Therefore we
  // only need to specify start address and size (no need SPI or SS)
  // By default (start=0, size=0), values that match file system setting in
  // 'Tools->Flash Size' menu selection will be used.
  // Adafruit_FlashTransport_RP2040 flashTransport;

  // To be compatible with CircuitPython partition scheme (start_address = 1 MB,
  // size = total flash - 1 MB) use const value (CPY_START_ADDR, CPY_SIZE) or
  // subclass Adafruit_FlashTransport_RP2040_CPY. Un-comment either of the
  // following line:
  //  Adafruit_FlashTransport_RP2040
  //    flashTransport(Adafruit_FlashTransport_RP2040::CPY_START_ADDR,
  //                   Adafruit_FlashTransport_RP2040::CPY_SIZE);
  Adafruit_FlashTransport_RP2040_CPY flashTransport;

#else
  // On-board external flash (QSPI or SPI) macros should already
  // defined in your board variant if supported
  // - EXTERNAL_FLASH_USE_QSPI
  // - EXTERNAL_FLASH_USE_CS/EXTERNAL_FLASH_USE_SPI
  #if defined(EXTERNAL_FLASH_USE_QSPI)
    Adafruit_FlashTransport_QSPI flashTransport;

  #elif defined(EXTERNAL_FLASH_USE_SPI)
    Adafruit_FlashTransport_SPI flashTransport(EXTERNAL_FLASH_USE_CS, EXTERNAL_FLASH_USE_SPI);

  #else
    #error No QSPI/SPI flash are defined on your board variant.h !
  #endif
#endif

Adafruit_SPIFlash flash(&flashTransport);

// file system object from SdFat
FatFileSystem fatfs;

Adafruit_ST7789 tft = Adafruit_ST7789(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_RST);
AnimatedGIF gif;
File32 f, root;

void * GIFOpenFile(const char *fname, int32_t *pSize)
{
  f = fatfs.open(fname);
  if (f)
  {
    *pSize = f.size();
    return (void *)&f;
  }
  return NULL;
} /* GIFOpenFile() */

void GIFCloseFile(void *pHandle)
{
  File32 *f = static_cast<File32 *>(pHandle);
  if (f != NULL)
     f->close();
} /* GIFCloseFile() */

int32_t GIFReadFile(GIFFILE *pFile, uint8_t *pBuf, int32_t iLen)
{
    int32_t iBytesRead;
    iBytesRead = iLen;
    File32 *f = static_cast<File32 *>(pFile->fHandle);
    // Note: If you read a file all the way to the last byte, seek() stops working
    if ((pFile->iSize - pFile->iPos) < iLen)
       iBytesRead = pFile->iSize - pFile->iPos - 1; // <-- ugly work-around
    if (iBytesRead <= 0)
       return 0;
    iBytesRead = (int32_t)f->read(pBuf, iBytesRead);
    pFile->iPos = f->position();
    return iBytesRead;
} /* GIFReadFile() */

int32_t GIFSeekFile(GIFFILE *pFile, int32_t iPosition)
{ 
  int i = micros();
  File32 *f = static_cast<File32 *>(pFile->fHandle);
  f->seek(iPosition);
  pFile->iPos = (int32_t)f->position();
  i = micros() - i;
//  Serial.printf("Seek time = %d us\n", i);
  return pFile->iPos;
} /* GIFSeekFile() */

// Draw a line of image directly on the LCD
void GIFDraw(GIFDRAW *pDraw)
{
    uint8_t *s;
    uint16_t *d, *usPalette, usTemp[320];
    int x, y, iWidth;

    iWidth = pDraw->iWidth;
    // Serial.printf("Drawing %d pixels\n", iWidth);

    if (iWidth + pDraw->iX > DISPLAY_WIDTH)
       iWidth = DISPLAY_WIDTH - pDraw->iX;
    usPalette = pDraw->pPalette;
    y = pDraw->iY + pDraw->y; // current line
    if (y >= DISPLAY_HEIGHT || pDraw->iX >= DISPLAY_WIDTH || iWidth < 1)
       return; 
    s = pDraw->pPixels;
    if (pDraw->ucDisposalMethod == 2) // restore to background color
    {
      for (x=0; x<iWidth; x++)
      {
        if (s[x] == pDraw->ucTransparent)
           s[x] = pDraw->ucBackground;
      }
      pDraw->ucHasTransparency = 0;
    }

    // Apply the new pixels to the main image
    if (pDraw->ucHasTransparency) // if transparency used
    {
      uint8_t *pEnd, c, ucTransparent = pDraw->ucTransparent;
      int x, iCount;
      pEnd = s + iWidth;
      x = 0;
      iCount = 0; // count non-transparent pixels
      while(x < iWidth)
      {
        c = ucTransparent-1;
        d = usTemp;
        while (c != ucTransparent && s < pEnd)
        {
          c = *s++;
          if (c == ucTransparent) // done, stop
          {
            s--; // back up to treat it like transparent
          }
          else // opaque
          {
             *d++ = usPalette[c];
             iCount++;
          }
        } // while looking for opaque pixels
        if (iCount) // any opaque pixels?
        {
          tft.startWrite();
          tft.setAddrWindow(pDraw->iX+x, y, iCount, 1);
          tft.writePixels(usTemp, iCount, false, false);
          tft.endWrite();
          x += iCount;
          iCount = 0;
        }
        // no, look for a run of transparent pixels
        c = ucTransparent;
        while (c == ucTransparent && s < pEnd)
        {
          c = *s++;
          if (c == ucTransparent)
             iCount++;
          else
             s--; 
        }
        if (iCount)
        {
          x += iCount; // skip these
          iCount = 0;
        }
      }
    }
    else
    {
      s = pDraw->pPixels;
      // Translate the 8-bit pixels through the RGB565 palette (already byte reversed)
      for (x=0; x<iWidth; x++)
        usTemp[x] = usPalette[*s++];
      tft.startWrite();
      tft.setAddrWindow(pDraw->iX, y, iWidth, 1);
      tft.writePixels(usTemp, iWidth, false, false);
      tft.endWrite();
    }
} /* GIFDraw() */


void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  

  Serial.println("Adafruit SPIFlash Animated GIF Example");

  // Initialize flash library and check its chip ID.
  if (!flash.begin()) {
    Serial.println("Error, failed to initialize flash chip!");
    while(1);
  }
  Serial.print("Flash chip JEDEC ID: 0x"); Serial.println(flash.getJEDECID(), HEX);

  // First call begin to mount the filesystem.  Check that it returns true
  // to make sure the filesystem was mounted.
  if (!fatfs.begin(&flash)) {
    Serial.println("Failed to mount filesystem!");
    Serial.println("Was CircuitPython loaded on the board first to create the filesystem?");
    while(1);
  }
  Serial.println("Mounted filesystem!");

  if (!root.open(GIFDIRNAME)) {
    Serial.println("Open dir failed");
  }
  while (f.openNext(&root, O_RDONLY)) {
    f.printFileSize(&Serial);
    Serial.write(' ');
    f.printModifyDateTime(&Serial);
    Serial.write(' ');
    f.printName(&Serial);
    if (f.isDir()) {
      // Indicate a directory.
      Serial.write('/');
    }
    Serial.println();
    f.close();
  }
  root.close();
  
  tft.init(DISPLAY_HEIGHT, DISPLAY_WIDTH);
  tft.fillScreen(ST77XX_BLACK);
  tft.setRotation(-45);
  gif.begin(LITTLE_ENDIAN_PIXELS);
}

void loop() {
  char thefilename[80];
  
  if (!root.open(GIFDIRNAME)) {
    Serial.println("Open GIF directory failed");
    while (1);
  }
  while (f.openNext(&root, O_RDONLY)) {
    f.printFileSize(&Serial);
    Serial.write(' ');
    f.printModifyDateTime(&Serial);
    Serial.write(' ');
    f.printName(&Serial);
    if (f.isDir()) {
      // Indicate a directory.
      Serial.write('/');
    }
    Serial.println();
    f.getName(thefilename, sizeof(thefilename)-1);
    f.close();
    if (strstr(thefilename, ".gif") || strstr(thefilename, ".GIF")) {
      // found a gif mebe!
      if (gif.open(thefilename, GIFOpenFile, GIFCloseFile, GIFReadFile, GIFSeekFile, GIFDraw)) {
        GIFINFO gi;
        Serial.printf("Successfully opened GIF %s; Canvas size = %d x %d\n",  thefilename, gif.getCanvasWidth(), gif.getCanvasHeight());
        if (gif.getInfo(&gi)) {
          Serial.printf("frame count: %d\n", gi.iFrameCount);
          Serial.printf("duration: %d ms\n", gi.iDuration);
          Serial.printf("max delay: %d ms\n", gi.iMaxDelay);
          Serial.printf("min delay: %d ms\n", gi.iMinDelay);
        }
        // play thru n times
        for (int loops=0; loops<NUM_LOOPS; loops++) {
          while (gif.playFrame(true, NULL));
          gif.reset();
        }
        gif.close();
      } else {
        Serial.printf("Error opening file %s = %d\n", thefilename, gif.getLastError());
      }
    }
  }
  root.close();
}

I can't see any code relating to LEDs or PWM or pin 25 ...? Did I miss it?

Code is not in there for The LED. No matter what code I grab I get errors. Most of the errors are from Void Setup and Void Loop and another time I pasted it at the end of the code and got and SDfat error but no void errors

Imagine you had 2 laptops. Or 2 TV sets. One works but the other does not. So you take one of the laptops or TVs to the repair shop. Which one do you take?

the laptop? Are you saying this code can only be used for its function and nothing can be added?

The question was which laptop, the broken one or the working one. Or which TV. Use either example.

No, I'm not saying that. But I don't seem to be able to communicate effectively with you. Hopefully others on the forum will have better luck.

Thanks for narrowing it down for yourself. Glad to be of use

Show your complete program so no-one must guess.

If you want to do it yourself: Here is one way to create a flicker:

Store:

  • a random time to flicker - if "a" > 0.5, it is time to flicker
  • a random brightness, "b" = maximum PWM value
  • a random bandwidth (brightest - bandwidth = dimest), "c" = starting PWM value
  • a random duration, "d" = speed/steps of "fade/flicker"

You can do this with a white LED. You can enhance the effect by using a diffuser (piece of paper). You can use an RGBLED to create red, orange and yellow, and not use a diffuser.

Thank you for this answer. The main question is how do I include it in the code posted above?

  1. Rewrite that mess. What is it doing, showing pictures?
  2. In the start of loop(), call the (to be written) flicker() function. Inside flicker() the millis() clock will be checked. If millis() has advanced enough, flicker() will take one more step in flickering the LED(s).

Its playing gifs. Thanks for the answer. Ill dig into it more with what you said

Look up "upir_upir" on YouTube. He does "displays" (many types).

He did an animated GIF "how-to"...

All sorts of animated "clipart" for your OLED can be found here:

https://animator.wokwi.com/