A single battery will make the robot simpler, but you may find that the Arduino crashes unexpectedly due to noise. But, either of those two schemes should work OK.
probably, using a single supply, the key is to use motors which produce low noise... On other robots i have found that gearmotors based on brushles solar motors are ok and do not disturb micro....
those are very cheap and low torque but works fine
so i will try this way...
btw what is the right strategy to suppress noise on power rails produced by motors? ... other than usual decoupling caps..
Its called a PI filter, so called because it resembles the greak letter. basically, its a inductor in the power line between the motor and arduino, and two caps either side of the inductor, from the supply to ground. Good luck!