Hello!
I'm currently working on a LED time-changing program. I have been able to change the brightness of 12V LEDs as time passes by using a DS3231 RTC module and a MOSFET (Irf540n). I am going to attach the schematics I have made.
The problem I have encountered is that, as I am using 12V to power the LEDs and the Arduino UNO, my breadboard melts. What can I replace it with? I have searched for solutions, and maybe a PCB prototyping board would be the best. Another thing is that I have previously soldered everything and the solders did also melt.
I do not know what to do, so I would genuinely appreciate your help.
This mosfet https://www.vishay.com/docs/91021/irf540.pdf is not logic level. The 5 volts from the Arduino fails to switch it fully on and so it gets hot. Choose another Mosfet instead of another prototype board.
What power is the load (leds) ?
Sparcfun, for example. sell this Mosfet: RFP30N06LE . It is logic level and may suit here.
Another possibility may be to use the existing mosfet with say an opto coupler as a level shifter.
There are a few things to think about;
1)Bread boards are for planning circuits and are not able to handle much current. I tend to use single LEDs as an indicator that the circuit is achieving what I want.
2) you need to get familiar with the data sheet for components. Google what the funny symbols and numbers mean but most things have a very specific use and some very specific requirements as has been explained above. This applies to arduino boards too.
3) learn about voltage and current as they are two different things.
4) learn how to draw a schematic. Fritzing pictures feel good for the beginner but are not optimal by any means. Try Kicad or Easyeda as alternatives. There is a small learning curve but you will get a lot more out of it.
5) when you move from breadboard concept to prototype you are entering the world of solder. It is simple an effective. You can buy PCB perf board for prototyping.
6) paper (and computer equivalent) is cheap. Do the most planning here, breadboard and identify flaws and back to paper, then prototyping with real components with a bit of solder, then you can get PCBs manufactured and 3D printed cases, then your factory can pump out millions!!
