Force = mass * acceleration, and apparently you have acceleration and know the mass of you on your bike.
Torque is force * distance (normal, i.e at a right angle), so if you know the diameter of the rear tire you know the torque there from the force. Then you have to go back through the gearing ratios (the drive chain, transmission, etc.) and determine if you want to account for friction.
Work is force * distance (in the same direction as the force), which is also calculable from the acceleration. Power (watts/horsepower) is work per second, i.e around 750 foot-pounds per second.
A lot of it is basic physics, but more of it is just getting the units to cancel out.