Well, your first diagram should not work. When the button is pressed, the input will read high, but when the button is not pressed, the input is floating and will probably not reliably read high or low. You could make this work by adding a 10K from the input to ground.
Your second diagram could work, but only if you set the input to pullup and the output is set to low. Then you could reliably read the switch.
Your third diagram will not work and could damage the arduino. What is this 5V source and which are its + and - connections? The input will simply read the 5V as either high or low depending on which way round you connect the 5V source, regardless of the button state. There could be a short curcuit between the 5V source and the Arduino output when the switch is pressed, damaging it.