My burned chip is seem to show different error when it is connected to my board. Also I checked my port and board and they are matched with my Arduino Uno board.
Thank you, CrossRoads and Peter_n, for suggestion on the website and prices.
Peter_n:
Maybe there is no bootloader, maybe it is a bad bootloader, maybe a different bootloader.
You can use your Arduino Uno as programmer (ArduinoISP) and burn a new fresh up-to-date bootloader yourself.
So I plan to burn the bootloader as you said. I'm a beginner so I've tried to look up the instructions on this page, From Arduino to a Microcontroller on a Breadboard. Am I on the right page? I have 2 no-bootloader chips/broken chips and one Arduino Uno board, plenty of jumper wires. Will I able to burn the bootloader to these chips based on these steps?
Yes, with this page : http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/ArduinoISP
There is a note to change the delay, but I think you don't have to change that.
The ATmega chip needs a crystal plus the two 22pF next to the crystal. Do you have those ?
I tried Circuit (targeting an AVR on a breadboard) with Minimal Circuit (Eliminating the External Clock), I think this method does not required crystal and capacitors. However, when I do tool>burn bootloader, I got 8 MHz internal clock to work on sketch, only when I start burning bootloader. The error is the same: avrdude: stk500_getsync(): not in sync: resp=0x00. I'm not sure if I suppose to have 1 ATmega328p chip that already has bootloader on it or not.
When an ATmega chip leaves the factory it is set to internal clock, so no crystal is needed to program it. However, when you burn the Arduino bootloader, the fuses are set for external crystal, and you do need an external crystal.
When an ATmega chip has the Arduino bootloader, it can not be programmer without some kind of external clock.
So if you want to burn the Uno bootloader (set to external crystal of 16MHz), you do need some kind of external clock.
Alright, I will buy 16 MHz crystal and capacitors for my schematic.
For the ATmega328, I have two of them that do not work, where do I insert them? Because I'm not sure whether I have to have at least 1 ATmega328 chip on my Arduino board and the target one on breadboard, or I don't need any on the Arduino's chip socket and just target the chip on breadboard?
Did you see the page by Nick Gammon, the link in my Reply #4 for an alternative.
I think that page explains it well.
I hope you do have a working Arduino Uno (with working ATmega328P chip), because you need a normal working Arduino Uno to become a programmer with the ArduinoISP sketch. After that, it becomes a programmer, the target will be the ATmega chip on the breadboard.
Sorry for late reply, I had decided to do Circuit (targeting Arduino Uno, Duemilanove, or Diecimila) way so I had to wait for my new Arduino Uno to arrive. I have successfully burned bootloader to the chip. But after bootloading, am I able to use that chip on the Arduino right away? Because when plug the Arduino with the chip that I just boardloaded it, it doesn't show me I have a port connected in the Sketch.
When you burn the Uno bootloader into an ATmega328P chip, you can put it in a Uno board and it will be a normal Uno board.
That didn't work ? Strange, it should work or burning the bootloader did fail. Did you select the Uno as target when burning the bootloader ? You disconnected the wires and usb before replacing the ATmega328P chip ?
When I buy a clone Arduino from Ebay, I always burn the newest Arduino bootloader with the newest Arduino IDE. That is version 1.6.0 at the moment. Which Arduino IDE version do you use ? version 0012 ?
You don't need to get latest IDE, you can burn a 100% working bootloader with any vaguely current arduino IDE version (1.0.6 or 1.60) and probably older ones. I don't think they've updated the optiboot.hex that they use for a while.
Which Uno board are you putting the bootloaded chip into where it doesn't work? Is it a known working board?
Did you have Uno selected in the boards menu when you did burn bootloader?
I found the problem now. I accidentally messed around with the COM port registry and the COM port did not connect properly. I formatted my PC (easiest way to solve problem) and now it's perfectly working!
So after bootloading was successful, it was my laptop registry that corrupted.