Nano 33 BLE Sense not detected via USB (even after 2-click RESET trick)

That should not happen without you writing a sketch that uses the RGB LED.

No, I do not believe the RGB LED is used by the sketch shipped with the Arduino. Your Arduino is probably fine.

Here is a short sketch to test your LEDs. The sketch uses delay() to keep it simple.

Arduino Nano 33 BLE LED test example (click to view)
/*
  This example tests the on-board LEDs.

  The circuit:
  - Arduino Nano 33 BLE/ BLE Sense board.

  This example code is in the public domain.
*/

#define FLASH_ON_MS   100
#define FLASH_OFF_MS  300

void setup()
{
  pinMode( LEDR, OUTPUT );
  pinMode( LEDG, OUTPUT );
  pinMode( LEDB, OUTPUT );
  pinMode( LED_PWR, OUTPUT );
  pinMode( LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT );

  // Arduino Nano 33 BLE onboard RGB LEDs are active low
  digitalWrite( LEDR, HIGH );
  digitalWrite( LEDG, HIGH );
  digitalWrite( LEDB, HIGH );
  digitalWrite( LED_PWR, LOW );
  digitalWrite( LED_BUILTIN, LOW );
}

void loop()
{
  flashLED( LEDR, true );
  flashLED( LEDG, true );
  flashLED( LEDB, true );
  flashLED( LED_PWR, false );
  flashLED( LED_BUILTIN, false );
}

void flashLED( int pin, bool activeLow )
{
  if ( activeLow )
  {
    digitalWrite( pin, LOW );
    delay( FLASH_ON_MS );
    digitalWrite( pin, HIGH );
  }
  else
  {
    digitalWrite( pin, HIGH );
    delay( FLASH_ON_MS );
    digitalWrite( pin, LOW );
  }
  delay( FLASH_OFF_MS );
}
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