Hello! I am a high school student. This is my first project using Arduino and BLE, but it did not work. To accomplish a simple example using a button on one Arduino and a LED on another, I used the provided sketch example codes: LedControl (under: File > Examples > ArduinoBLE > Central > LedControl) and LED (under: File > Examples > ArduinoBLE > Peripheral > LED) on the Arduino Software. For my circuitry, I used 2 Arduino Nano 33 IoT and a 5k olm pull-up resistor with a button.
Here is the LedControl code:
/*
LED Control
This example scans for BLE peripherals until one with the advertised service
"19b10000-e8f2-537e-4f6c-d104768a1214" UUID is found. Once discovered and connected,
it will remotely control the BLE Peripheral's LED, when the button is pressed or released.
The circuit:
- Arduino MKR WiFi 1010, Arduino Uno WiFi Rev2 board, Arduino Nano 33 IoT,
Arduino Nano 33 BLE, or Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense board.
- Button with pull-up resistor connected to pin 2.
You can use it with another board that is compatible with this library and the
Peripherals -> LED example.
This example code is in the public domain.
*/
#include <ArduinoBLE.h>
// variables for button
const int buttonPin = 2;
int oldButtonState = LOW;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
while (!Serial);
// configure the button pin as input
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
// initialize the BLE hardware
BLE.begin();
Serial.println("BLE Central - LED control");
// start scanning for peripherals
BLE.scanForUuid("19b10000-e8f2-537e-4f6c-d104768a1214");
}
void loop() {
// check if a peripheral has been discovered
BLEDevice peripheral = BLE.available();
if (peripheral) {
// discovered a peripheral, print out address, local name, and advertised service
Serial.print("Found ");
Serial.print(peripheral.address());
Serial.print(" '");
Serial.print(peripheral.localName());
Serial.print("' ");
Serial.print(peripheral.advertisedServiceUuid());
Serial.println();
if (peripheral.localName() != "LED") {
return;
}
// stop scanning
BLE.stopScan();
controlLed(peripheral);
// peripheral disconnected, start scanning again
BLE.scanForUuid("19b10000-e8f2-537e-4f6c-d104768a1214");
}
}
void controlLed(BLEDevice peripheral) {
// connect to the peripheral
Serial.println("Connecting ...");
if (peripheral.connect()) {
Serial.println("Connected");
} else {
Serial.println("Failed to connect!");
return;
}
// discover peripheral attributes
Serial.println("Discovering attributes ...");
if (peripheral.discoverAttributes()) {
Serial.println("Attributes discovered");
} else {
Serial.println("Attribute discovery failed!");
peripheral.disconnect();
return;
}
// retrieve the LED characteristic
BLECharacteristic ledCharacteristic = peripheral.characteristic("19b10001-e8f2-537e-4f6c-d104768a1214");
if (!ledCharacteristic) {
Serial.println("Peripheral does not have LED characteristic!");
peripheral.disconnect();
return;
} else if (!ledCharacteristic.canWrite()) {
Serial.println("Peripheral does not have a writable LED characteristic!");
peripheral.disconnect();
return;
}
while (peripheral.connected()) {
// while the peripheral is connected
// read the button pin
int buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
if (oldButtonState != buttonState) {
// button changed
oldButtonState = buttonState;
if (buttonState) {
Serial.println("button pressed");
// button is pressed, write 0x01 to turn the LED on
ledCharacteristic.writeValue((byte)0x01);
} else {
Serial.println("button released");
// button is released, write 0x00 to turn the LED off
ledCharacteristic.writeValue((byte)0x00);
}
}
}
Serial.println("Peripheral disconnected");
}
Here is the LED code:
/*
LED
This example creates a BLE peripheral with service that contains a
characteristic to control an LED.
The circuit:
- Arduino MKR WiFi 1010, Arduino Uno WiFi Rev2 board, Arduino Nano 33 IoT,
Arduino Nano 33 BLE, or Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense board.
You can use a generic BLE central app, like LightBlue (iOS and Android) or
nRF Connect (Android), to interact with the services and characteristics
created in this sketch.
This example code is in the public domain.
*/
#include <ArduinoBLE.h>
BLEService ledService("19B10000-E8F2-537E-4F6C-D104768A1214"); // BLE LED Service
// BLE LED Switch Characteristic - custom 128-bit UUID, read and writable by central
BLEByteCharacteristic switchCharacteristic("19B10001-E8F2-537E-4F6C-D104768A1214", BLERead | BLEWrite);
const int ledPin = LED_BUILTIN; // pin to use for the LED
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
while (!Serial);
// set LED pin to output mode
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
// begin initialization
if (!BLE.begin()) {
Serial.println("starting BLE failed!");
while (1);
}
// set advertised local name and service UUID:
BLE.setLocalName("LED");
BLE.setAdvertisedService(ledService);
// add the characteristic to the service
ledService.addCharacteristic(switchCharacteristic);
// add service
BLE.addService(ledService);
// set the initial value for the characeristic:
switchCharacteristic.writeValue(0);
// start advertising
BLE.advertise();
Serial.println("BLE LED Peripheral");
}
void loop() {
// listen for BLE peripherals to connect:
BLEDevice central = BLE.central();
// if a central is connected to peripheral:
if (central) {
Serial.print("Connected to central: ");
// print the central's MAC address:
Serial.println(central.address());
// while the central is still connected to peripheral:
while (central.connected()) {
// if the remote device wrote to the characteristic,
// use the value to control the LED:
if (switchCharacteristic.written()) {
if (switchCharacteristic.value()) { // any value other than 0
Serial.println("LED on");
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // will turn the LED on
} else { // a 0 value
Serial.println(F("LED off"));
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // will turn the LED off
}
}
}
// when the central disconnects, print it out:
Serial.print(F("Disconnected from central: "));
Serial.println(central.address());
}
}
Here is the error message I received when I deployed both codes:
BLE Central - LED control
Found 24:62:ab:b2:43:2a 'LED' 19b10000-e8f2-537e-4f6c-d104768a1214
Connecting ...
Failed to connect!
Does anyone know how to fix this? Thank you for your help!