Possible, yes. Easy, no. If this is one of your first projects, I'd scale down the requirements substantially.
It'll be much easier to design a 'passive preamp' that switches a couple of analog inputs with relays. Leave the metadata and spectro stuff for later, as well as BT and WiFi 'inputs'.
Good long term learning project -- plan on a year or two of dedicated effort.
After finishing the basic amplifier, you could work on an advanced aspect of the project, such the spectrum display. That is a popular Arduino project and several examples have been posted on the web.
Does that mean to use BT or WiFi to control a multiplexer to route inputs and outputs? A search for "arduino audio switcher" gets about 20 million hits and may yield useful info.
To be honest for almost all the rest, I wouldn't use an Arduino. Now I haven't gotten into some of the more recent and feature rich Arduinos like the ESP32 or the Arduino Giga so maybe there's a lot of potential there.
But if I were building what I think you're after, I'd be looking for Arduino for spectrum visual analyzer and a Raspberry Pi, namely Pi Sound.
Arduino is more for physical world interaction with sensors and motors and lights and such.
Since you've never used an Arduino and you aren't following a detailed buying/building guide for what you describe as quite an elaborate project, as @jremington (who knows their stuff) said
maybe you'll prefer the Pi Sound option for get you closer to your goals faster. If you don't know, a Raspberry Pi is a small, single board Linux computer. Pi Sound is therefore a Linux Distro prebuild for Raspberry Pi like Windows is to a personal computer.