NEMA 17 200 step/rev 12V motors in circuit with Arduino MEGA shorting

Maybe the following information is helpful for your project and tells you exactly how to set up the current limit:
Current adjustment for A4988 / DRV8825

BTW: a DRV8825 would imho better fulfill your requirements as it is more powerful than the A4988 and is (almost) pin compatible with an A4988.