I am a real newby with Arduino and try to make a start with it. I want to start and learn with programming a multicolor LED-strip.
Now... I could buy a starterkit but there's probably a lot of stuff in there that I don't need at this moment. Any advice on the things to buy to start from scratch?
If you are just starting out with Arduino then any of the official starter kits would be a good purchase.
It will take you from ZERO to HERO quite quickly in easy to follow steps.
Once you understand the basics it will be quite easy for you to move up to more advanced projects and give you the confidence to go much further than you think.
If the official kits are out of your price range then almost any of the clone kits but make sure it also has teaching material to help you understand things.
Addressable LED projects abound on the internet but you will need to understand a little about voltage, current, and data types along with a few other minor skills.
You will also need a soldering iron and a multimeter possibly earlier rather than later but neither needs to be fancy and can be used outside of the arduino sphere.
I would also recommend a good starter kit with good instructions, they have one here, I got mine from Sparkfun - that should give you the skills you need to move forward - else you will probably struggle with basics of just getting something simple to run - the kits don't take long to go through but should save you time and frustration in the long run