Hi Update on this project. It seemed to be working with digitalWrite(8 bit PWM Value) but when i dropped the value down they did not drive the motors at all. So as every single tutorial on using PWM with ESP32 (ESP32CAM AI Tinker Module in my case) seems to use ledcWrite I tried implementing that again but I have had no success no movement of the motors at all.
To be clear this was 100% working when driven by digitalWrite on /off and driving all motors at full speed ok. So its only when I have changed this to use ledcWrite instead that I suspect I have missed something.
So the basic for example in this basic dim an LED tutorial: ESP32 PWM with Arduino IDE (Analog Output) | Random Nerd Tutorials
Seems to be as per the tutorial and others i have looked at:
// setting PWM properties
const int freq = 5000;
const int ledChannel = 0;
const int resolution = 8;
void setup(){
// configure LED PWM functionalitites
ledcSetup(ledChannel, freq, resolution);
// attach the channel to the GPIO to be controlled
ledcAttachPin(ledPin, ledChannel);
}
void loop(){
// increase the LED brightness
for(int dutyCycle = 0; dutyCycle <= 255; dutyCycle++){
// changing the LED brightness with PWM
ledcWrite(ledChannel, dutyCycle);
delay(15);
}
// decrease the LED brightness
for(int dutyCycle = 255; dutyCycle >= 0; dutyCycle--){
// changing the LED brightness with PWM
ledcWrite(ledChannel, dutyCycle);
delay(15);
}
}
So my code is a slightly modified version of this tutorial I will paste full code at end:
ESP32-CAM Remote Controlled Car Robot Web Server | Random Nerd Tutorials
Except I am using a RC tank chassis with 2 small 6V motors, I have 3 18650s powering the motors at 6V via a buck converter and for now the ESP32 is powered by a boost converter from a lipo but I will be swapping that for a buck to lose the lipo now my buck converter has arrived.
Also the motor driver is a MAX1508 module - no enable inputs, so I drive the 4 input pins with PWM instead of digitalWrite a on / 1 which worked fine. But I get no movement.
I added an LED off on button which are the only ones that work now too.
So here is my code and these are the only parts I have changed:
line 135 to 144 is variable definitions
I added 194 and 195 to add LED on off buttons as the LED on the CAM is on GPIO 4.
and you will see my digitalWrites that were working "//" out from 308 on being replaced by the ledcWrites.
This is just the forward part:
if(!strcmp(variable, "forward")) {
Serial.println("Forward");
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_1, Motor1_PWM_MAX);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_2, Motor_PWM_Zero);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_1, Motor2_PWM_MAX);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_2, Motor_PWM_Zero);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM1P1,Motor1_PWM_MAX);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM1P2,Motor_PWM_Zero);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM2P1,Motor1_PWM_MAX);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM2P2,Motor_PWM_Zero);
}
Motor1_PWM_MAX / motor 2 are just so I can set a PWM value in code as one motor is a little quicker it goes in a curve when going straight so I just want to set one at 85% or similar when I get it working. So that is all they are for - to straighten the movement up .
then in void(setup) at 416 you can see my "//" out pin modes and digital writes with the new ledcWrites under this.
This is the part I added at the start of void setup nothing else changed:
// pinMode(MOTOR_1_PIN_1, OUTPUT);
// pinMode(MOTOR_1_PIN_2, OUTPUT);
// pinMode(MOTOR_2_PIN_2, OUTPUT);
// pinMode(MOTOR_2_PIN_1, OUTPUT);
// pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_1, HIGH);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_2, HIGH);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_1, HIGH);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_2, HIGH);
//PWM channels = 2,3,4,5
ledcAttachPin(MOTOR_1_PIN_1, PWMChannelM1P1);
ledcAttachPin(MOTOR_1_PIN_2, PWMChannelM1P2);
ledcAttachPin(MOTOR_2_PIN_1, PWMChannelM2P1);
ledcAttachPin(MOTOR_2_PIN_2, PWMChannelM2P2);
ledcSetup(MOTOR_1_PIN_1, PWMFreq, PWMResolution);
ledcSetup(MOTOR_1_PIN_2, PWMFreq, PWMResolution);
ledcSetup(MOTOR_2_PIN_1, PWMFreq, PWMResolution);
ledcSetup(MOTOR_2_PIN_2, PWMFreq, PWMResolution);
And the entire code is here:
/*********
Rui Santos
Complete instructions at https://RandomNerdTutorials.com/esp32-cam-projects-ebook/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files.
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*********/
#include "esp_camera.h"
#include <WiFi.h>
#include "esp_timer.h"
#include "img_converters.h"
#include "Arduino.h"
#include "fb_gfx.h"
#include "soc/soc.h" // disable brownout problems
#include "soc/rtc_cntl_reg.h" // disable brownout problems
#include "esp_http_server.h"
// Replace with your network credentials
const char* ssid = "My SSID Name yes I changed this";
const char* password = "My SSID PW";
#define PART_BOUNDARY "123456789000000000000987654321"
#define CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER
//#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_PSRAM
//#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_WITHOUT_PSRAM
//#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_PSRAM_B
//#define CAMERA_MODEL_WROVER_KIT
#if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_WROVER_KIT)
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM -1
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM -1
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM 21
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM 26
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM 27
#define Y9_GPIO_NUM 35
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM 34
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM 39
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM 36
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM 19
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM 18
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM 5
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM 4
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM 25
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM 23
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM 22
#elif defined(CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_PSRAM)
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM -1
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM 15
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM 27
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM 25
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM 23
#define Y9_GPIO_NUM 19
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM 36
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM 18
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM 39
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM 5
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM 34
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM 35
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM 32
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM 22
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM 26
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM 21
#elif defined(CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_WITHOUT_PSRAM)
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM -1
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM 15
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM 27
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM 25
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM 23
#define Y9_GPIO_NUM 19
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM 36
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM 18
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM 39
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM 5
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM 34
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM 35
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM 17
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM 22
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM 26
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM 21
#elif defined(CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER)
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM 32
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM -1
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM 0
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM 26
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM 27
#define Y9_GPIO_NUM 35
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM 34
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM 39
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM 36
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM 21
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM 19
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM 18
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM 5
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM 25
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM 23
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM 22
#elif defined(CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_PSRAM_B)
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM -1
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM 15
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM 27
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM 22
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM 23
#define Y9_GPIO_NUM 19
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM 36
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM 18
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM 39
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM 5
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM 34
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM 35
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM 32
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM 25
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM 26
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM 21
#else
#error "Camera model not selected"
#endif
#define MOTOR_1_PIN_1 14
#define MOTOR_1_PIN_2 15
#define MOTOR_2_PIN_1 13
#define MOTOR_2_PIN_2 12
int Motor1_PWM_MAX = 100;
int Motor2_PWM_MAX = 100;
int Motor_PWM_Zero = 0;
const int ledPin = 4;
const int PWMFreq = 5000; /* 5 KHz */
const int PWMChannelM1P1 = 2;
const int PWMChannelM1P2 = 3;
const int PWMChannelM2P1 = 4;
const int PWMChannelM2P2 = 5;
const int PWMResolution = 8;
static const char* _STREAM_CONTENT_TYPE = "multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=" PART_BOUNDARY;
static const char* _STREAM_BOUNDARY = "\r\n--" PART_BOUNDARY "\r\n";
static const char* _STREAM_PART = "Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\nContent-Length: %u\r\n\r\n";
httpd_handle_t camera_httpd = NULL;
httpd_handle_t stream_httpd = NULL;
static const char PROGMEM INDEX_HTML[] = R"rawliteral(
<html>
<head>
<title>ESP32-CAM Robot</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
body { font-family: Arial; text-align: center; margin:0px auto; padding-top: 30px;}
table { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
td { padding: 8 px; }
.button {
background-color: #2f4468;
border: none;
color: white;
padding: 10px 20px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
display: inline-block;
font-size: 18px;
margin: 6px 3px;
cursor: pointer;
-webkit-touch-callout: none;
-webkit-user-select: none;
-khtml-user-select: none;
-moz-user-select: none;
-ms-user-select: none;
user-select: none;
-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0,0,0,0);
}
img { width: auto ;
max-width: 100% ;
height: auto ;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ESP32-CAM Robot</h1>
<img src="" id="photo" >
<table>
<tr><td colspan="3" align="center"><button class="button" onmousedown="toggleCheckbox('forward');" ontouchstart="toggleCheckbox('forward');" onmouseup="toggleCheckbox('stop');" ontouchend="toggleCheckbox('stop');">Forward</button></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center"><button class="button" onmousedown="toggleCheckbox('left');" ontouchstart="toggleCheckbox('left');" onmouseup="toggleCheckbox('stop');" ontouchend="toggleCheckbox('stop');">Left</button></td><td align="center"><button class="button" onmousedown="toggleCheckbox('stop');" ontouchstart="toggleCheckbox('stop');">Stop</button></td><td align="center"><button class="button" onmousedown="toggleCheckbox('right');" ontouchstart="toggleCheckbox('right');" onmouseup="toggleCheckbox('stop');" ontouchend="toggleCheckbox('stop');">Right</button></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3" align="center"><button class="button" onmousedown="toggleCheckbox('backward');" ontouchstart="toggleCheckbox('backward');" onmouseup="toggleCheckbox('stop');" ontouchend="toggleCheckbox('stop');">Backward</button></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3" align="left"><button class="button" onmousedown="toggleCheckbox('led-on');" ontouchstart="toggleCheckbox('led-on');">led-on</button></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3" align="left"><button class="button" onmousedown="toggleCheckbox('led-off');" ontouchstart="toggleCheckbox('led-off');">led-off</button></td></tr>
</table>
<script>
function toggleCheckbox(x) {
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("GET", "/action?go=" + x, true);
xhr.send();
}
window.onload = document.getElementById("photo").src = window.location.href.slice(0, -1) + ":81/stream";
</script>
</body>
</html>
)rawliteral";
static esp_err_t index_handler(httpd_req_t *req){
httpd_resp_set_type(req, "text/html");
return httpd_resp_send(req, (const char *)INDEX_HTML, strlen(INDEX_HTML));
}
static esp_err_t stream_handler(httpd_req_t *req){
camera_fb_t * fb = NULL;
esp_err_t res = ESP_OK;
size_t _jpg_buf_len = 0;
uint8_t * _jpg_buf = NULL;
char * part_buf[64];
res = httpd_resp_set_type(req, _STREAM_CONTENT_TYPE);
if(res != ESP_OK){
return res;
}
while(true){
fb = esp_camera_fb_get();
if (!fb) {
Serial.println("Camera capture failed");
res = ESP_FAIL;
} else {
if(fb->width > 400){
if(fb->format != PIXFORMAT_JPEG){
bool jpeg_converted = frame2jpg(fb, 80, &_jpg_buf, &_jpg_buf_len);
esp_camera_fb_return(fb);
fb = NULL;
if(!jpeg_converted){
Serial.println("JPEG compression failed");
res = ESP_FAIL;
}
} else {
_jpg_buf_len = fb->len;
_jpg_buf = fb->buf;
}
}
}
if(res == ESP_OK){
size_t hlen = snprintf((char *)part_buf, 64, _STREAM_PART, _jpg_buf_len);
res = httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, (const char *)part_buf, hlen);
}
if(res == ESP_OK){
res = httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, (const char *)_jpg_buf, _jpg_buf_len);
}
if(res == ESP_OK){
res = httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, _STREAM_BOUNDARY, strlen(_STREAM_BOUNDARY));
}
if(fb){
esp_camera_fb_return(fb);
fb = NULL;
_jpg_buf = NULL;
} else if(_jpg_buf){
free(_jpg_buf);
_jpg_buf = NULL;
}
if(res != ESP_OK){
break;
}
//Serial.printf("MJPG: %uB\n",(uint32_t)(_jpg_buf_len));
}
return res;
}
static esp_err_t cmd_handler(httpd_req_t *req){
char* buf;
size_t buf_len;
char variable[32] = {0,};
buf_len = httpd_req_get_url_query_len(req) + 1;
if (buf_len > 1) {
buf = (char*)malloc(buf_len);
if(!buf){
httpd_resp_send_500(req);
return ESP_FAIL;
}
if (httpd_req_get_url_query_str(req, buf, buf_len) == ESP_OK) {
if (httpd_query_key_value(buf, "go", variable, sizeof(variable)) == ESP_OK) {
} else {
free(buf);
httpd_resp_send_404(req);
return ESP_FAIL;
}
} else {
free(buf);
httpd_resp_send_404(req);
return ESP_FAIL;
}
free(buf);
} else {
httpd_resp_send_404(req);
return ESP_FAIL;
}
sensor_t * s = esp_camera_sensor_get();
int res = 0;
if(!strcmp(variable, "forward")) {
Serial.println("Forward");
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_1, Motor1_PWM_MAX);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_2, Motor_PWM_Zero);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_1, Motor2_PWM_MAX);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_2, Motor_PWM_Zero);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM1P1,Motor1_PWM_MAX);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM1P2,Motor_PWM_Zero);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM2P1,Motor1_PWM_MAX);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM2P2,Motor_PWM_Zero);
}
else if(!strcmp(variable, "left")) {
Serial.println("Left");
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_1, Motor_PWM_Zero);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_2, Motor1_PWM_MAX);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_1, Motor2_PWM_MAX);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_2, Motor_PWM_Zero);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM1P1,Motor_PWM_Zero);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM1P2,Motor1_PWM_MAX);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM2P1,Motor2_PWM_MAX);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM2P2,Motor_PWM_Zero);
}
else if(!strcmp(variable, "right")) {
Serial.println("Right");
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_1, Motor1_PWM_MAX);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_2, Motor_PWM_Zero);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_1, Motor_PWM_Zero);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_2, Motor2_PWM_MAX);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM1P1,Motor_PWM_Zero);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM1P2,Motor1_PWM_MAX);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM2P1,Motor2_PWM_MAX);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM2P2,Motor_PWM_Zero);
}
else if(!strcmp(variable, "backward")) {
Serial.println("Backward");
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_1, Motor_PWM_Zero);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_2, Motor1_PWM_MAX);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_1, Motor_PWM_Zero);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_2, Motor2_PWM_MAX);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM1P1,Motor_PWM_Zero);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM1P2,Motor1_PWM_MAX);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM2P1,Motor_PWM_Zero);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM2P2,Motor2_PWM_MAX);
}
else if(!strcmp(variable, "stop")) {
Serial.println("Stop");
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_1, Motor_PWM_Zero);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_2, Motor_PWM_Zero);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_1, Motor_PWM_Zero);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_2, Motor_PWM_Zero);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM1P1,Motor_PWM_Zero);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM1P2,Motor_PWM_Zero);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM2P1,Motor_PWM_Zero);
ledcWrite(PWMChannelM2P2,Motor_PWM_Zero);
}
else if(!strcmp(variable, "led-on")) {
Serial.println("LED On");
digitalWrite(ledPin, 1);
}
else if(!strcmp(variable, "led-off")) {
Serial.println("LED Off");
digitalWrite(ledPin, 0);
}
else {
res = -1;
}
if(res){
return httpd_resp_send_500(req);
}
httpd_resp_set_hdr(req, "Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
return httpd_resp_send(req, NULL, 0);
}
void startCameraServer(){
httpd_config_t config = HTTPD_DEFAULT_CONFIG();
config.server_port = 80;
httpd_uri_t index_uri = {
.uri = "/",
.method = HTTP_GET,
.handler = index_handler,
.user_ctx = NULL
};
httpd_uri_t cmd_uri = {
.uri = "/action",
.method = HTTP_GET,
.handler = cmd_handler,
.user_ctx = NULL
};
httpd_uri_t stream_uri = {
.uri = "/stream",
.method = HTTP_GET,
.handler = stream_handler,
.user_ctx = NULL
};
if (httpd_start(&camera_httpd, &config) == ESP_OK) {
httpd_register_uri_handler(camera_httpd, &index_uri);
httpd_register_uri_handler(camera_httpd, &cmd_uri);
}
config.server_port += 1;
config.ctrl_port += 1;
if (httpd_start(&stream_httpd, &config) == ESP_OK) {
httpd_register_uri_handler(stream_httpd, &stream_uri);
}
}
void setup() {
WRITE_PERI_REG(RTC_CNTL_BROWN_OUT_REG, 0); //disable brownout detector
// pinMode(MOTOR_1_PIN_1, OUTPUT);
// pinMode(MOTOR_1_PIN_2, OUTPUT);
// pinMode(MOTOR_2_PIN_2, OUTPUT);
// pinMode(MOTOR_2_PIN_1, OUTPUT);
// pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_1, HIGH);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_1_PIN_2, HIGH);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_1, HIGH);
// digitalWrite(MOTOR_2_PIN_2, HIGH);
//PWM channels = 2,3,4,5
ledcAttachPin(MOTOR_1_PIN_1, PWMChannelM1P1);
ledcAttachPin(MOTOR_1_PIN_2, PWMChannelM1P2);
ledcAttachPin(MOTOR_2_PIN_1, PWMChannelM2P1);
ledcAttachPin(MOTOR_2_PIN_2, PWMChannelM2P2);
ledcSetup(MOTOR_1_PIN_1, PWMFreq, PWMResolution);
ledcSetup(MOTOR_1_PIN_2, PWMFreq, PWMResolution);
ledcSetup(MOTOR_2_PIN_1, PWMFreq, PWMResolution);
ledcSetup(MOTOR_2_PIN_2, PWMFreq, PWMResolution);
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.setDebugOutput(false);
camera_config_t config;
config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;
config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0;
config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM;
config.pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM;
config.pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM;
config.pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM;
config.pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM;
config.pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM;
config.pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM;
config.pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM;
config.pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM;
config.pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM;
config.pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM;
config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM;
config.pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM;
config.pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM;
config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM;
config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM;
config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000;
config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG;
if(psramFound()){
config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_VGA;
config.jpeg_quality = 10;
config.fb_count = 2;
} else {
config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_SVGA;
config.jpeg_quality = 12;
config.fb_count = 1;
}
// Camera init
esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&config);
if (err != ESP_OK) {
Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x", err);
return;
}
// Wi-Fi connection
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.print("Camera Stream Ready! Go to: http://");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
// Start streaming web server
startCameraServer();
}
void loop() {
}
I hope that made sense as it seems to be as per the LED dimming tutorials way of using ledcWrite. I didnt see any use or set mode to set up digital outputs in any tutorials about using cWrite as that would stop the PWM working and set it digital from PWM apparently.
Also I saw comments about which order to have the attachpin and csetups I have my attach pin then setup but tried both ways.
If anyone has an idea of why its not outputting PWM that would be great as the hardware is sound as it works when a 1 is written to drive the motors so suspect something else.
And finally would a zero PWM output be detected as a logic 0 on the motor driver input as im not sure it would be earthed if that makes sense. I presume the outputs can only be 6V or earthed so if its below about 2.5v I should have a 0 and an earthed output and the other terminal of the motor would be driven by the PWM signal and move. But that could be it if the code is ok...
Also there are different libraries for ESP32 and firmware updates? I might have an older library or need new firmware maybe but let me know what you think....
Thanks
and I just need to sort out the power being low. I am going to use 3 x 18650s and a buck converter to 6V which is what the motors are to power the H Bridge and see how that goes.