NodeMcu V3 Esp8266 Infinite Blank Serial Output

You were indeed correct. Correcting the baud rate fixed the sketch, and it was no longer having the same issue.

The sketch I was referring to that still has the issue is the following:

int incomingByte = 0;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial) {
    ; 
  }
}


void loop() {
   // send data only when you receive data:
  if (Serial.available() > 0) {
    // read the incoming byte:
    incomingByte = Serial.read();

    // say what you got:
    Serial.print("I received: ");
    Serial.println(incomingByte, DEC);
  }
}

In this case, the only solution seems to be resetting the board