There are great examples that come with the IDE.
Get a UNO and go through these axamples.
Also see:
Arduino links.
Watch these:
Some things to read:
https://learn.adafruit.com/category/learn-arduino
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-read-a-schematic
http://playground.arduino.cc/Code/AvoidDelay
https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=384198.0
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/using-the-logic-level-converter
http://arduino-info.wikispaces.com/
.