Here is my list of tips to getting those radios to work.
If you read and, closely, follow Robin2's simple rf24 tutorial you should be able to get them working. That tutorial sure helped me. The code in the examples has been proven to work many many times. If it does not work for you, there is likely a hardware problem.
The TMRh24 version of the RF24 library is available for installation via the IDE program manager. How to install an Arduino library.
Run the CheckConnection.ino (look in reply #30 in the tutorial) to verify the physical wiring between the radio module and its processor (Arduino).
It is very important that you get the 3.3V supply to the radio modules to supply enough current. This is especially true for the high power (external antenna) modules. I use homemade adapters like these. They are powered by 5V and have a 3.3V regulator on the board. Robin2 also has suggested trying with a 2 AA cell battery pack.
If using the high powered radios make sure to separate them by a few meters. They may not work too close together. Try the lower power settings.
Reset the radios by cycling power to them after uploading new code. I have found that to help. They do not reset with the Arduino.
Have a look at the common problems page.