Hi , i want to charge 3 lithium batteries using 3 TP4056 chips but after searching i found that i can't put one power supply for the 3 ships i need to use a power supply for each one , but why ? i think is the same things
The pictures of how its connected are not at all clear, please post a proper circuit diagram.
How is this related to Arduinos ?
You have to watch the 'ground reference'. There is a wire shown but you don't see, a "wire" hidden by the circuit board where ground of the power supply directly connected to the - terminal of the battery.
Only the top cell could work. The + of the middle cell is shorted to the - of the top cell; the - of the top cell is directly connected (shorted) to the - of the middle cell; therefore the middle cell + is shorted to its own -. Same for the bottom cell.
Yes, those chargers are designed to charge only a single cell, so to charge 3 cells, you need 3 chargers and 3 power supplies.
To charge 3 18650 cells in series, you need at least 12.6 volts and a special type of charger designed to charge cells in series, commonly called a balance charger.
The reason you need one charger per cell is this: Charging a Lithium Chemistry cell is a complex process and requires special management. So, they aren't just chargers--they're Charge Managers [and probably also discharge managers, since it's not good to discharge a Li cell to much]. If you tried to manage more than one cell, with one manager, it wouldn't be able to monitor what is going on, because one cell would interfere with the other.